An index is an excellent way to locate a text. Some indexes actually have subject indexes, but many just have authors and titles. Here are a few that are handy to have in your library.
UM East Asian Reference ; PL775 .T37 2001
短 篇小說 12万作家名目錄 / [編集日外アソシエーツ].
UM East Asian Reference ; PL775 .T372 2010
One way to get started is to choose an author that you are interested in reading. You may have an author in mind already, based on readings you have done in class. Or, you may wish to consult an anthology written in English to get an overview of the period and a brief introduction to the writers and works.
超短編小説 (cho tanpen shosetsu) short-short story
短編小説 (tanpen shosetsu) short story
中篇小説 (chuhen shosetsu) novella
長編小説 or 小説 (chohen shosetsu or shosetsu) novel
探偵小説 (tantei shosetsu) detective novels
推理小説 (suiri shosetsu) mystery novels
時代小説 (jidai shosetsu) historical (usually Edo period) fiction
歴史小説 (rekishi shosetsu) historical fiction