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The University of Massachusetts Amherst

Native American & Indigenous Studies

A general library research guide for Native American & Indigenous Studies at UMass Amherst.

PRIMARY SOURCES

What are Primary Sources?

Primary sources were either created during the time period being studied or were created at a later date by a participant in the events being studied (as in the case of memoirs). They reflect the individual viewpoint of a participant or observer. Primary sources enable the researcher to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period. 


What are Secondary Sources?

A secondary source is a work that interprets or analyzes an historical event or phenomenon. It is generally at least one step removed from the event and is often based on primary sources. Examples include scholarly or popular books and articles, reference books and textbooks.

Finding Primary sources

Newspapers and Magazines

Ethnic NewsWatch